Bone graft, one of the increasingly common treatment methods in dentistry, is also known as bone powder among the public. This treatment is applied to patients who experience osteoporosis due to various reasons, in order to ensure the formation of new bone in place of the lost bone. Although it is generally used in implant treatments in cases where there is not enough bone to place the implant, bone graft also has different uses. Bone grafts are divided into three main categories: autogenous grafts taken from the person’s own bone, allogeneic grafts of animal origin, and synthetically produced xenogenous grafts.
Autogenous grafts are bone tissue taken from the patient’s own body. These bone tissues, usually taken from areas such as the jawbone, hip bone or leg, are best accepted by the body and the integration time is faster than other types of grafts. However, the removal of autogenous grafts may be a little more difficult for the patient as it requires an additional surgical procedure.
Allogeneic grafts are bone tissues taken from another person. These tissues are usually obtained from donated bones and are made sterile through special processes. The use of allogeneic grafts is less invasive than autogenous grafts because it does not require a second surgical procedure. However, the body’s acceptance of this graft may take a little longer and in some cases it may be rejected by the immune system.
Xenogen grafts are bone tissues of animal origin. It is usually obtained from cattle or pig bones and is made suitable for the human body by going through special processes. The advantage of xenogen grafts is that they provide a large amount of bone tissue and are generally well tolerated by the immune system. However, integration time may vary from person to person and some patients may have allergic reactions to such grafts.
Bone grafting is applied to patients who experience bone loss for various reasons. This bone loss may be caused by factors such as long-ago tooth extractions, gum diseases, incompatible dentures, some systemic diseases and traumas. Bone grafting is of great importance, especially in cases where there is not enough bone tissue before implant treatment. By replacing the lost bone tissue, it allows implant treatment to be performed successfully.
Tooth extractions performed a long time ago may cause the bone tissue in the extraction area to melt over time. In this case, the amount of bone required for implant treatment may be insufficient. With bone grafting, the bone tissue in this area is rebuilt and the implant is placed on a solid ground.
GUM DISEASES AND BONE EROSION
Gum diseases can cause the bone tissue around the teeth to melt over time. This can lead to tooth loss and not enough bone tissue for implant treatment. By reconstructing these lost tissues with bone grafting, the negative effects of gum diseases can be eliminated.
TRAUMA AND SYSTEMIC DISEASES
Bone grafting can also be performed in patients who have bone loss as a result of accident or trauma and in patients who have osteoporosis due to systemic diseases such as osteoporosis. In this way, new bone tissue is created to replace the lost bone tissue and oral and dental health is restored.
Bone graft application is a surgical procedure and is performed under local anesthesia. The patient does not feel pain during the procedure, but mild pain and swelling may occur after the surgical procedure. These conditions usually pass within a few days and can be controlled with painkillers prescribed by the doctor.
Before bone graft application, the patient’s general health condition is evaluated and the appropriate graft type is determined. In addition, it is important to pay attention to the hygiene of the area to be treated and to treat any existing infections. The doctor informs the patient about the points to be considered before and after the procedure.
During the surgical procedure, the area to be grafted is anesthetized with local anesthesia. Next, bone graft material is prepared and placed in the area where the lost bone tissue is located. Special screws or membranes can be used to fix the graft in place. Once the procedure is completed, the area is closed with stitches and the healing process begins.
After the bone graft is applied, a certain period of time is required for the graft to ossify and form healthy bone tissue. This period varies depending on factors such as the patient’s age, general health condition, vascularity of the grafted area and the quality of the graft used. On average, the ossification period varies between 3-6 months.
ATTENTION SHOULD BE TAKEN DURING THE RECOVERY PROCESS
Treatments
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